if-假設語氣
1. 針對現在事件的假設語氣 （現在假設法） （即非現在事實--與現在事實相反）
句型： If ...were/V-p.t. ..., ...would/might/could/should + 原形V.... （較單純動詞變化）
例1. If I were you, I would be satisfied. (In fact, I am not you.)
例2. If I had money on me, I would take this expensive one.
(In fact, I don't have money with me, so I can't take this expensive one.)
2. 針對過去事件的假設語氣 （過去假設法） （即非過去事實--與過去事實相反）
句型： If ...had + P.P..., ...would/might/could/should + have + V-p.p. .... （完成式動詞變化）
例：If I had been with them, the children wouldn't have been injured.
3. 表對未來之推測、假設 （未來假設法）
A) should/happen to表“萬一/如果碰巧”：
句型：If ...should/happen to +原形V..., ...will(would)/may(might)/can(could)/should +原形V
例：If there should be strikes, the company will/would lay off the strikers.
B) were to 表“如果/假使”→ are/is to的假設語氣用法：
句型：If ...were to..., ...would/should/might/could+ 原形V… (如果會...)
例：That's a good idea, but suppose mom were to find out.
註：if-條件句「如果，假如」-- 表事件之條件或可能性。（動詞變化：直說法--時式正常變化）
例1. If it rains heavily, the river nearby floods/will blood. （如果大雨，河流就淹水。）→ 條件，結果。
例2. If she told you that, she was lying. （果真她這麼告訴你，她就是在撒謊。）→ 過去可能的事實。
其它「假設語氣」用法綜合整理
1. wish + S + 假設語氣V… （但願，希望） （87推甄）
* 對現在假設—例：I wish I lived near my school. （但願我住在學校附近。）
* 對過去假設—例：I wish I had not said that. （但願我沒說過那句話。）
2. without/but for + 名詞, S + 假設語氣V… （要不是，若無）
* 對現在假設—例：Without you, my life would be dull. （如果沒有你，我的生活就很悶。）
* 對過去假設—例：But for your help, I wouldn't have found this job. （要不是 ~，我找不到 ~）
3. as if + S + 假設語氣V… （彷彿，好像）
* 對現在假設—例：The young man walks as if he were an old man. （這年輕人走路像個老頭。）
* 對過去假設—例：The white-faced boy looks as if he had seen a ghost. （仿彿看見鬼了）
註：直說法—例：He looks as if he hasn't slept all night. （他看起來整晚沒睡—他目前的確很疲倦。）
其它可有假設語氣與直說法之用詞—1) even if ~ (即使~) 2) what if ~ (如果 ~ 那怎麼辦？)
4. If only + S + 假設語氣V… （真希望，但願） 註: only if （唯有如果/當...）
* 對現在假設—例：If only I had a nice job. （但願我目前有份好工作。）
* 對過去假設—例：If only I hadn't bought this. （我真是希望沒買這個東西。）
5. It is (high/about) time (that) + S + 假設語氣V… （該是做 ~ 事的時候了）
* 對現在提出虛擬—例：It's time that you had a haircut. （你該理髮了。）
6. lest + S + (should) + 原形V… （以防/免 ~ ）
* 對未來的臆測—例：Remind me later lest I (should) forget. （稍後提醒我，以免我忘記。）
「直說法」綜合整理 （非假設語氣，表條件）
1.
(supposing/suppose (that) /on (the) condition that /in the event that/註：in the event of + n.) + S + V … （假如 = if）
例：I will take this on the condition that you reduce its price. （如果你降價，我就買這件。）
2.
given that + 子句 （如果考慮到） 註：given + 名詞 --（90學測）
例：Given that he is new here, I won't be hard on him. （考量到他剛來，我不會嚴厲對待他。）
3.
in case + 子句 （句首--如果；句中--以防） 註：in case of + n.
例：Take an umbrella in case it rains/should rain. （帶把傘去，以防下雨。）
4.
for fear that + 子句… （以免/避免 ~，擔心 ~ ） 註：for fear of + n.
例：I daren't go there for fear that the dog will bark at me. （我不敢去那兒，擔心狗對我吠。）
資料來源：英文學習平台
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