當主詞/受詞補語 → 表與「動詞」齊頭並進,動作者同時附帶之狀態。


句型:S + come/go/stand/lie/remain/live/fly等不及物動詞 + S.C. (V-ing/V-p.p.) ...

例1. The dog comes wagging its tail. (搖著尾巴來)
   解析:句子動詞come同時附帶著進行中的wagging,修飾主詞the dog 來的狀態。
例2. We live surrounded by noise. (生活在被噪音圍繞當中)
   解析:句子動詞live同時附帶著被動的surrounded,修飾主詞we 居住的狀態。


名前修飾—成分單純的分詞單字 + 名詞。 (94指考,93學測/指考,92學測,91指考。)

例1. A rolling stone gathers no moss. (滾動的石頭--進行含意)
例2. He seems like a changed person. (已改變的人--完成含意)
例3. I'm afraid that this is a stolen car. (贓車--被動含意)




常用片語 (以下1, 2, 3亦常接by--被…)


1. be + surprised/shocked/amazed/astonished (驚訝)/frightened (驚嚇) + at (對於~感到~)
例:We were frighted at/by the appearance of the police car. (對於警車的出現感到驚嚇。)
2. be + upset/depressed (沮喪), embarrassed (尷尬), confused/puzzled (困惑) + about (對於~感到~)
例:He is depressed about/by (at/over) his exam results. (他對考試成績感到沮喪。)
3. be + impressed (印象), frustrated (沮喪), fascinated/enchanted (著迷), + with (對於~感到~)
例:We were very impressed with/by your new design. (我們對於你的新設計印象深刻。)
4. be + pleased (喜悅/滿意), satisfied (滿意) + with (對於~感到~)
例:You seem to be very satisfied/pleased with your new job. (你似乎對於新工作感到很滿意。)
5. be + scared (驚嚇), stunned (訝異) exhausted (疲倦) + by (被~)
例:I am exhausted by overwork. (我因過度工作而疲憊。)
6. be + interested (興趣), absorbed (專心於) + in (在~方面感到~)
例:All my family are interested in singing. (我家人對歌唱皆感興趣。)
7. be + 現在分詞如interesting (有趣的), appealing (吸引的) + to (令人覺得~的)
例:Singing is interesting to all my family. (歌唱令我全家人都感興趣。)
8. be annoyed (惱怒), disappointed (失望) with +人/at +事 (對~人/事感到~)
例:With voice mail, we won't be annoyed at missed calls. (有了語音信箱,就不苦惱於未接來電。)




名後修飾—名詞 + 分詞片語 (95/94學測,93/92指考,91學測,90/89聯考,86/84/83推甄)


1. 主動含意: N + 現在分詞V-ing片語 (N 為 V主事者/動作者。)
例:The rain flooding the roads made our journey more difficult.
   (淹沒道路 的 水災 使我們的旅行更困難。)

2. 被動含意: N + 過去分詞V-p.p. 片語 (N 為 V 受事者/接受者。)
例:The roads covered by snow made our journey impossible.
   (被雪覆蓋 的 道路 使我們不可能旅行。)


句型衍生:

(1) 關係子句主詞關代詞省略 → (2) 動詞變分詞,形成分詞片語 (當形容詞)。

1. 主動含意: 轉為現在分詞 V-ing 片語。 (註:符號"∮"表示「省略」後的遺跡。)
例: The rain [which flooded the roads] made our journey more difficult. (主動語態)
  → The rain [flooding the roads] made our journey more difficult. (現在分詞)
  解析: (1) 主詞關代省略後,
      (2) 動詞變分詞:因先行詞the rain是動詞flood (淹水) 的動作者 → 主動含意用V-ing。
        所形成的現在分詞片語 flooding the roads當形容詞,修飾先行詞the rain。

2. 被動含意: 轉為過去分詞 p.p. 片語。
例: The roads [ which were covered by snow] made our journey impossible. (被動語態)
  → The roads [being covered by snow] made our journey impossible.
  → The roads [covered by snow] made our journey impossible. (過去分詞)
   解析: (1) 主詞關代詞省略後,
       (2) 動詞變分詞:先行詞the roads是動詞cover覆蓋的接受者 → 被動含意用V-p.p.
        (動詞變分詞或解釋為:were covered → being covered → being 通常再省略) 。
        所形成的過去分詞片語 covered by snow當形容詞,修飾先行詞 the roads。

分詞片語口訣:省略主詞關代、動詞變分詞--主動-ing、被動-p.p.

 

 

資料來源:英文學習平台

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