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到處：everywhere, here and there, far and wide/near, 
　　　ubiquitously

來回地：back and forth, backwards and forwards, to and fro, 
　　　　from one side to the other

聯合/結合：in conjunction with, in association with,
　　　　　in combination with

當場：on the spot, on the scene, right there 
疑慮地：suspiciously

轉承詞之 (1)

分類

譴詞用字

立場

基本上：basically

原則上：in principle

一般而言：generally (speaking) (=in general), 
　　　　　by and large, all in all

就…觀點：in terms of, in one's opinion
正常而言：normally

逐點
列述

首先：first(ly), first of all, in the first place, to begin with 
其次：second(ly), in the second place
進而/接著：further(more), in turn
最後：finally, eventually, lastly, at last, in time, at length, in the end,
　　　in the long run

起初：in the beginning, at first, initially
以及：and, also, as well as (除了…外)  
此外：in addition, additionally, besides
再者：moreover       還有：still
最後重要的是：last but not least
或者：or, alternatively

一方面…，另一方面：on the one hand, on the other hand; for one thing, for another
這一方面…, 另一方面：in one respect, in another  註：in one aspect or another (某方面而言)
某些方面…, 某些方面…：in some ways, in others
除了：in addition to, besides, on top of, apart from, aside from (cf. 例外：except for)

結論
語氣

因此：therefore, thus, accordingly, hence
結果：as a result/consequence, in consequence, consequently

所以：so, so that-子句, so as to+V
大體上而言：on the whole , by and large
總而言之：all in all, altogether

總/簡而言之：to sum up, in summary/conclusion, in a word, in short/brief, to be short/brief, (to put it) in a nutshell,
　　　　　　 to put it simply

表例證

例如：say, for example, for instance, Take…for example 
諸如/像：such as, like, as with, unlike (不像)
(就)像/如同：(just) as

像是如此：as such
等等：and so on, and the like, and such like, etc.
依據：according to, based on, on the basis of

時間序

後來：later on, afterwards, subsequently        
不久：soon, shortly, before long, by and by
之後不久：soon/shortly afterward(s), 
…之後：in the wake of
此後：hereafter, henceforth, henceforward
那時候：then, at that time, at the time

到了那時候：by then
從那之後：ever since
(自)從…：as of, as from, from, since
從…/那時/現在起： from…/then/now on
此時：in the meantime, meanwhile, at this time 
同時：at the same time, simultaneously

話題
轉換

關於：with/in regard to, with respect to, concerning, regarding, in reference to, in/with relation to (或相對於)  
　　　註：in connection with, have …to do with (與…有關)。
就…而言/至於…：for…, as for…, as to…, as/so far as …go(es)/be concerned
提及：when it comes to N./V-ing, speaking of…

分類

譴詞用字

加重
語氣

特別/尤其是：in particular (=particularly), especially, above all, what's more
當然/的確是： certainly, sure(ly), for sure/certain, of course, by all means, indeed (著實) 
無疑地：undoubtedly, no/without doubt, unquestionably, indubitably, undeniably (無可否認)
無論如何：anyway, at any rate, in any case, by all means--肯定句用 (務必)
不管/不論：regardless of/irrespective of, without regard/respect to, without considering
最/更重要的是：most (important) of all, most importantly, more importantly
主要地：primarily, mainly, in chief (=chiefly), mostly

專門地：specifically
精確地：exactly, precisely  
明顯地：obviously, evidently
顯著地：remarkably 
真實地：really, truly
更/最糟的是： what's worse, worst of all
如此/以此方式：(in) this way
就：right

難以相信地：unbelievably, incredibly
確實是：definitely

必然地：inevitably
依舊/仍然：still
一旦：once
甚至：even 
不用說：needless to say
未必/非真的…：not necessarily, not really

比較
、對比

一樣地：similarly, likewise, equally
相同地：in the same way不同地：differently
與…一樣：in common with                     
比較之下：in comparison with…
如往常：as usual
也：also, as well, too, either (也不)

例外：except (for), apart/aside from
相對地：in contrast (to/with), by contrast
然而：however, while/whereas, (and/but) yet 
但是：but
並非/而不是：instead of, rather than         
否則：or, otherwise, alternatively (或另…)

相反地：instead , on the contrary (表不認同), the other way round, to the contrary (相反的事), 
　　　　contrary to… (與…相反)  另一方面/相反地：conversely, on the flip side

讓步語

即使：in spite of, despite, even if/though
縱然如此：nonetheless, nevertheless, though
頂多/最多：at best, at most

雖然：although, though, while 
畢竟：after all
至少： at least      註：at worst (最差)

原由

因為/由於：because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result/consequence of, in consequence of, on account of
鑑於：in view of, considering, in (the) light of
為了…緣故/原因：for the sake of, for reasons of 
為此原因：for this (reason), on this account

目的

為了：in order to+原形V/that-clause, with a view/an eye to N/V-ing, for the purpose of 
為此目的：to this end 
為了安全緣故：to be on the safe side (期望：in the hope of/that-子句)

解釋

事實上：actually, in fact/truth, as a matter of fact  
那/這樣的話：in that/this case                 
換句話說：in other words, to put it another way   

也就是說： that is (to say), namely, i.e.
在這方面：in this aspect

分類

譴詞用字

其他

也許/大概：maybe, probably
可能：possibly, likely
似乎是：apparently, seemingly
不知為何：somehow
恰巧地：by accident (=accidentally), by chance

逐漸：gradually, little by little
(不)幸運地：(un)fortunately, (un)luckily
順便提及/附帶一提：by the way
但願/希望：hopefully
無望地：hopelessly, in despair

1.

引導名詞子句：[that +S+V…] 當主要子句之主詞、受詞、補語

例1. We discovered (that) he told a white lie. (當動詞discover之受詞—that可省略) 
例2. We are sorry (that) he told a white lie. (當形容詞補語—that可省略)
例3. That he told a white lie is obvious. (當be動詞is的主詞—that不可省略)
例4. It is obvious/Chances are (that) he told a white lie. (當主詞it/chances補語—that可省)

2.

引導同位語子句：等同所解釋之同位語，

如 fact, information, knowledge, evidence, discovery, report, rumor, belief, hope, fear, promise, guarantee, announcement, allegation, suggestion, proposal, possibility等。(註：此that不是關代詞。)

例1. We found out (the fact) that he told a white lie. (that經常不省略) 
例2. (The fact) that he told a white lie is understandable. (the fact 可省略，that不省略)
例3. His parents reduced his allowance due to the fact that he did poorly on exams.

3.

關係代名詞/關係副詞：who/which/where/when/why/how 皆可以that代替。

例1. The waiter (who/that) I complained about was laid off.
例2. The coverage which/that concerns the event is found online.
例3. Who is the greatest man that's ever lived?
例4. I still remember the date (when/that/on which) we first met each other.
例5. I don't know any place (where/that/at which) you can find an i-Pod.
例6. The reason (why/that/for which) I missed out the fun was that I forgot it started at 6:00.
例7. The way (how/that/in which) she laughs is weird.
　　How she laughs is weird.

4.

結果子句so/such … that 與表目的in order that

例1. It is so noisy a place (that) I can't hear you. (= too noise for me to hear you.)
例2. Last Sunday was such a chilly day (that) we decided to stay home.
例3. We need to ask for a wake-up call in order that/so (that) we may see the sunrise.

名詞子句連接詞that 不可省略的位置-- (動詞前) 主詞位置。

註：

1).

片語make (it) clear that-子句，但 bear in mind that-子句

例1. The president made (it) clear that he was not stepping up the tension.
例2. Please bear in mind that you are not alone.

2).

以下是較普遍的用法：

甲、Keeping our promise is important.  (動名詞當主詞，不使用it)
乙、It is important to keep our promise.  (不定詞使用虛詞it)
丙、It is important that we (should) keep our promise.  (名詞子句使用虛詞it)

S₁+ V₁

more + 不可數單數/可數複數名詞 + than（~比~更多） （86聯考）
fewer + 可數複數名詞 + than（~比~更少） （88推甄，86聯考）
less (更多) + 不可數單數名詞 + than （~比~更少）

+ S₂ …

S₁+ V₁ +

形容詞 -er/more + 形容詞 than （比 ~ 更 ~ ）

less + 形容詞 + than （比 ~ 更不 ~ ）

+ S₂ （95學測，93指考/學測，88/86聯考）

S₁+ V₁ +

as + many (+可數複數名詞) + as （ ~ 和 ~ 一樣多）
as + much (+不可數單數名詞) + as （92學測，87推甄，85聯考）

+ S₂ …

倍數的三種表達法： (下列用法皆是置於S + V 之後)
(1) 比較級：~ 倍數 + adj/adv比較級 + than …
(2) 同級比較：~ 倍數 + as + adj/adv原級 + as …  （90學測）
(3)  ~ 倍數 + NP。
　 (1) 與 (2) 的 adj 需轉換成 (3) NP，
　 例 old → age, heavy → weight; big → size; high →height; much → amount/sum/what-子句…等。

例1.

He is almost three times heavier than his girlfriend. (他比她女朋友重三倍。)
= He weighs almost three times as much as his girlfriend.
= He is almost three times his girlfriend's weight.

例2.

She earns ten times more than he used to. (她的收入比以前多十倍。)
= She earns ten times as much as he used to. 
= She earns ten times what he used to.

twice 及 half 及分數與同級比較as … as連用居多。

註：

其他含比較數字之類似結構。
例1. He is ten years older/younger than us. (=He is older than us by ten years.)
　　= He is ten years our senior/junior. (=He is my junior/senior by ten years.)
　　(He is junior/senior to me by ten years./He is ten years junior/senior to me. → 口語用)
例2. The grain output is 8 percent higher this month than that of last month.

~ be

(現在式)
(過去簡單式) 

+ the + 最高級…

that ~ have/has/ ever + V-p.p. …  (現在完成式) 
that ~ ever + V-p.t./had ever V-p.p. …  (過去式/完成

形容詞/副詞片語：

形容詞/副詞-est （最 ~）
most（最~）/least（最不~）+ 形容詞/副詞  （most + 副詞--88推甄）

1.

使用「不定冠詞a(n)」表單數：

例：我的理想是當工程師。
My ideal job is to be engineer.(X) 
My ideal job is to be an engineer (O)

說明：我當工程師是單數含意，不可無單數形變化，需加不定冠詞a(n)。

2.

「定冠詞the」+ 可數單數名詞 （詳見Unit 2.「特指」、「通稱/泛指」用法）：

例：誰是這裡的老版？
Who is boss here?(X) 
Who is the boss (O)

說明：此句boss老板指此地負責人，無複數含意，使用the + 單數名詞表「特指」。

3.

使用「人稱代名詞所有格」表單數：

例：我聽從老師所說的一切。
I follow whatever teacher tells me.(X) 
I follow whatever my teacher tells me.(O)

說明：名詞teacher若是「單數」含意，必需加所有格如my等。（若是「複數」→ my teachers）

不可數單數

work工作

business生意；事務

damage損害

man人類

canvas帆布

可數複數

works作品

businesses企業；商店

damages賠償金

men人們

cavases畫布