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子句連接詞 that

 

1.

引導名詞子句：[that +S+V…] 當主要子句之主詞、受詞、補語

 

例1. We discovered (that) he told a white lie. (當動詞discover之受詞—that可省略) 
例2. We are sorry (that) he told a white lie. (當形容詞補語—that可省略)
例3. That he told a white lie is obvious. (當be動詞is的主詞—that不可省略)
例4. It is obvious/Chances are (that) he told a white lie. (當主詞it/chances補語—that可省)

 

 

2.

引導同位語子句：等同所解釋之同位語，

 

如 fact, information, knowledge, evidence, discovery, report, rumor, belief, hope, fear, promise, guarantee, announcement, allegation, suggestion, proposal, possibility等。(註：此that不是關代詞。)

 

例1. We found out (the fact) that he told a white lie. (that經常不省略) 
例2. (The fact) that he told a white lie is understandable. (the fact 可省略，that不省略)
例3. His parents reduced his allowance due to the fact that he did poorly on exams.

 

 

3.

關係代名詞/關係副詞：who/which/where/when/why/how 皆可以that代替。

 

例1. The waiter (who/that) I complained about was laid off.
例2. The coverage which/that concerns the event is found online.
例3. Who is the greatest man that's ever lived?
例4. I still remember the date (when/that/on which) we first met each other.
例5. I don't know any place (where/that/at which) you can find an i-Pod.
例6. The reason (why/that/for which) I missed out the fun was that I forgot it started at 6:00.
例7. The way (how/that/in which) she laughs is weird.
　　How she laughs is weird.

 

 

4.

結果子句so/such … that 與表目的in order that

 

例1. It is so noisy a place (that) I can't hear you. (= too noise for me to hear you.)
例2. Last Sunday was such a chilly day (that) we decided to stay home.
例3. We need to ask for a wake-up call in order that/so (that) we may see the sunrise.

 

 

名詞子句連接詞that 不可省略的位置-- (動詞前) 主詞位置。

 

 

 

句法功能字 -- 虛詞it  (名詞子句、不定詞片語、動名詞片語「後移」之分身)

 

1.

指涉（後移的）that-/wh - 名詞子句，或 if、when副詞子句

 

 

 

例1. That Jack's dog died left him depressed. (o)
　　→ It left Jack depressed that his dog died. (o)
例2. Whether a movie will be a hit or not depends on the cast and director. (o)
　　→ It depends on the cast and director whether a movie will be a hit or not. (o)
例3. The host thought a pity that so few people came. (x)
　　→ The host thought it a pity that so few people came. (o)  (that不省略)
例4. How strange it is that nobody is here!
例5. If you plan in detail before going on a trip, it helps you to avoid unexpected trouble.

 

 

2.

指涉「後移的」不定詞片語

 

 

 

例1. To teach is a pleasure. (o) 
　　→ It is a pleasure to teach. (o)
例2. The cell phone makes to communicate on the move possible. (x)
　　→ The cell phone makes it possible to communicate on the move. (o)

 

 

3.

指涉「後移的」動名詞片語 (主詞/受詞較長者 → 移至補語之後，it補原主詞/受詞遺缺)

 

 

 

例1. Making new friends is not easy. (o) 
　　→ It has been nice talking to you. (o) 
例2. You will find working here exciting. (o)
　　→ You will find it exciting working here. (o)

 

 

 

註：

1).

片語make (it) clear that-子句，但 bear in mind that-子句

 

 

例1. The president made (it) clear that he was not stepping up the tension.
例2. Please bear in mind that you are not alone.

 

2).

以下是較普遍的用法：

 

 

甲、Keeping our promise is important.  (動名詞當主詞，不使用it)
乙、It is important to keep our promise.  (不定詞使用虛詞it)
丙、It is important that we (should) keep our promise.  (名詞子句使用虛詞it)

 

 

 

4.

分裂句 it…that…  (詳見分裂句單元)

 

 

 

例：It is not work that kills, but stress.  (憂慮嚴重於辛勤。)

 
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